The number of children with autism appears to be increasing. It is not clear whether this is due to better detection, a real increase in the number of cases, or both.

Autism is one of a group of developmental problems called autism spectrum disorders (ASD) that appear in early childhood—usually before 3 years of age. Though the symptoms and severity vary, all autism disorders affect a child’s ability to communicate and interact with others.

There is no cure for autism, but early and intensive treatment can make a big difference in the lives of many children with this disorder.

Children with autism generally have problems in three crucial areas of development—social interaction, language and behavior. Some children show signs of autism in early infancy. Other children may develop normally for the first few months or years of life but then suddenly become withdrawn, aggressive or lose language skills.

Common autism symptoms include:

Social skills

·       Fails to respond to his or her name

·       Has poor eye contact

·       Appears not to hear you at times

·       Resists cuddling and holding

·       Appears unaware of others’ feelings

·       Seems to prefer playing alone or retreats into his or her “own world”

Language

·       Starts talking later than age 2

·       Loses previously acquired ability to say words or sentences

·       Doesn’t make eye contact when making requests

·       Speaks with an abnormal tone or rhythm

·       Can’t start a conversation or keep one going

·       May repeat words or phrases verbatim

Behavior

·       Performs repetitive movements, such as rocking, spinning or hand-flapping

·       Develops specific routines or rituals

·       Becomes disturbed at the slightest change in routines or rituals

·       Moves constantly

·       May be fascinated by parts of an object, such as the spinning wheels of a toy car

·       May be unusually sensitive to light, sound and touch

Babies develop at a slightly different pace but most children with autism will demonstrate some signs of delayed or atypical development by 18 months of age. If you suspect your child may have autism discuss your concerns with your doctor. The earlier treatment begins the more effective it will be. Your doctor may refer you to a specialist for further testing.